mirror of
https://github.com/NanmiCoder/MediaCrawler.git
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493 lines
20 KiB
Python
493 lines
20 KiB
Python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
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# Copyright (c) 2025 relakkes@gmail.com
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#
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# This file is part of MediaCrawler project.
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# Repository: https://github.com/NanmiCoder/MediaCrawler/blob/main/media_platform/zhihu/core.py
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# GitHub: https://github.com/NanmiCoder
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# Licensed under NON-COMMERCIAL LEARNING LICENSE 1.1
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#
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# 声明：本代码仅供学习和研究目的使用。使用者应遵守以下原则：
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# 1. 不得用于任何商业用途。
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# 2. 使用时应遵守目标平台的使用条款和robots.txt规则。
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# 3. 不得进行大规模爬取或对平台造成运营干扰。
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# 4. 应合理控制请求频率，避免给目标平台带来不必要的负担。
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# 5. 不得用于任何非法或不当的用途。
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#
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# 详细许可条款请参阅项目根目录下的LICENSE文件。
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# 使用本代码即表示您同意遵守上述原则和LICENSE中的所有条款。
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# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
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import asyncio
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import os
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# import random # Removed as we now use fixed config.CRAWLER_MAX_SLEEP_SEC intervals
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from asyncio import Task
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from typing import Dict, List, Optional, Tuple, cast
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from playwright.async_api import (
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BrowserContext,
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BrowserType,
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Page,
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Playwright,
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async_playwright,
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)
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import config
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from constant import zhihu as constant
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from base.base_crawler import AbstractCrawler
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from model.m_zhihu import ZhihuContent, ZhihuCreator
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from proxy.proxy_ip_pool import IpInfoModel, create_ip_pool
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from store import zhihu as zhihu_store
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from tools import utils
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from tools.cdp_browser import CDPBrowserManager
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from var import crawler_type_var, source_keyword_var
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from .client import ZhiHuClient
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from .exception import DataFetchError
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from .help import ZhihuExtractor, judge_zhihu_url
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from .login import ZhiHuLogin
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class ZhihuCrawler(AbstractCrawler):
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context_page: Page
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zhihu_client: ZhiHuClient
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browser_context: BrowserContext
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cdp_manager: Optional[CDPBrowserManager]
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def __init__(self) -> None:
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self.index_url = "https://www.zhihu.com"
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# self.user_agent = utils.get_user_agent()
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self.user_agent = "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_15_7) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/128.0.0.0 Safari/537.36"
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self._extractor = ZhihuExtractor()
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self.cdp_manager = None
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async def start(self) -> None:
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"""
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Start the crawler
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Returns:
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"""
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playwright_proxy_format, httpx_proxy_format = None, None
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if config.ENABLE_IP_PROXY:
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ip_proxy_pool = await create_ip_pool(
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config.IP_PROXY_POOL_COUNT, enable_validate_ip=True
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)
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ip_proxy_info: IpInfoModel = await ip_proxy_pool.get_proxy()
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playwright_proxy_format, httpx_proxy_format = utils.format_proxy_info(
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ip_proxy_info
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)
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async with async_playwright() as playwright:
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# 根据配置选择启动模式
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if config.ENABLE_CDP_MODE:
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utils.logger.info("[ZhihuCrawler] 使用CDP模式启动浏览器")
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self.browser_context = await self.launch_browser_with_cdp(
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playwright,
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playwright_proxy_format,
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self.user_agent,
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headless=config.CDP_HEADLESS,
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)
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else:
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utils.logger.info("[ZhihuCrawler] 使用标准模式启动浏览器")
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# Launch a browser context.
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chromium = playwright.chromium
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self.browser_context = await self.launch_browser(
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chromium, None, self.user_agent, headless=config.HEADLESS
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)
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# stealth.min.js is a js script to prevent the website from detecting the crawler.
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await self.browser_context.add_init_script(path="libs/stealth.min.js")
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self.context_page = await self.browser_context.new_page()
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await self.context_page.goto(self.index_url, wait_until="domcontentloaded")
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# Create a client to interact with the zhihu website.
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self.zhihu_client = await self.create_zhihu_client(httpx_proxy_format)
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if not await self.zhihu_client.pong():
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login_obj = ZhiHuLogin(
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login_type=config.LOGIN_TYPE,
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login_phone="", # input your phone number
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browser_context=self.browser_context,
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context_page=self.context_page,
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cookie_str=config.COOKIES,
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)
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await login_obj.begin()
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await self.zhihu_client.update_cookies(
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browser_context=self.browser_context
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)
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# 知乎的搜索接口需要打开搜索页面之后cookies才能访问API，单独的首页不行
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utils.logger.info(
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"[ZhihuCrawler.start] Zhihu跳转到搜索页面获取搜索页面的Cookies，该过程需要5秒左右"
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)
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await self.context_page.goto(
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f"{self.index_url}/search?q=python&search_source=Guess&utm_content=search_hot&type=content"
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)
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await asyncio.sleep(5)
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await self.zhihu_client.update_cookies(browser_context=self.browser_context)
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crawler_type_var.set(config.CRAWLER_TYPE)
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if config.CRAWLER_TYPE == "search":
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# Search for notes and retrieve their comment information.
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await self.search()
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elif config.CRAWLER_TYPE == "detail":
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# Get the information and comments of the specified post
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await self.get_specified_notes()
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elif config.CRAWLER_TYPE == "creator":
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# Get creator's information and their notes and comments
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await self.get_creators_and_notes()
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else:
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pass
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utils.logger.info("[ZhihuCrawler.start] Zhihu Crawler finished ...")
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async def search(self) -> None:
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"""Search for notes and retrieve their comment information."""
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utils.logger.info("[ZhihuCrawler.search] Begin search zhihu keywords")
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zhihu_limit_count = 20 # zhihu limit page fixed value
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if config.CRAWLER_MAX_NOTES_COUNT < zhihu_limit_count:
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config.CRAWLER_MAX_NOTES_COUNT = zhihu_limit_count
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start_page = config.START_PAGE
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for keyword in config.KEYWORDS.split(","):
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source_keyword_var.set(keyword)
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utils.logger.info(
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f"[ZhihuCrawler.search] Current search keyword: {keyword}"
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)
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page = 1
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while (
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page - start_page + 1
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) * zhihu_limit_count <= config.CRAWLER_MAX_NOTES_COUNT:
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if page < start_page:
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utils.logger.info(f"[ZhihuCrawler.search] Skip page {page}")
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page += 1
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continue
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try:
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utils.logger.info(
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f"[ZhihuCrawler.search] search zhihu keyword: {keyword}, page: {page}"
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)
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content_list: List[ZhihuContent] = (
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await self.zhihu_client.get_note_by_keyword(
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keyword=keyword,
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page=page,
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)
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)
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utils.logger.info(
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f"[ZhihuCrawler.search] Search contents :{content_list}"
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)
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if not content_list:
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utils.logger.info("No more content!")
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break
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# Sleep after page navigation
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await asyncio.sleep(config.CRAWLER_MAX_SLEEP_SEC)
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utils.logger.info(f"[ZhihuCrawler.search] Sleeping for {config.CRAWLER_MAX_SLEEP_SEC} seconds after page {page-1}")
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page += 1
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for content in content_list:
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await zhihu_store.update_zhihu_content(content)
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await self.batch_get_content_comments(content_list)
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except DataFetchError:
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utils.logger.error("[ZhihuCrawler.search] Search content error")
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return
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async def batch_get_content_comments(self, content_list: List[ZhihuContent]):
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"""
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Batch get content comments
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Args:
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content_list:
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Returns:
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"""
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if not config.ENABLE_GET_COMMENTS:
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utils.logger.info(
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f"[ZhihuCrawler.batch_get_content_comments] Crawling comment mode is not enabled"
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)
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return
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semaphore = asyncio.Semaphore(config.MAX_CONCURRENCY_NUM)
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task_list: List[Task] = []
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for content_item in content_list:
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task = asyncio.create_task(
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self.get_comments(content_item, semaphore), name=content_item.content_id
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)
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task_list.append(task)
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await asyncio.gather(*task_list)
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async def get_comments(
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self, content_item: ZhihuContent, semaphore: asyncio.Semaphore
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):
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"""
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Get note comments with keyword filtering and quantity limitation
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Args:
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content_item:
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semaphore:
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Returns:
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"""
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async with semaphore:
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utils.logger.info(
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f"[ZhihuCrawler.get_comments] Begin get note id comments {content_item.content_id}"
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)
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# Sleep before fetching comments
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await asyncio.sleep(config.CRAWLER_MAX_SLEEP_SEC)
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utils.logger.info(f"[ZhihuCrawler.get_comments] Sleeping for {config.CRAWLER_MAX_SLEEP_SEC} seconds before fetching comments for content {content_item.content_id}")
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await self.zhihu_client.get_note_all_comments(
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content=content_item,
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crawl_interval=config.CRAWLER_MAX_SLEEP_SEC,
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callback=zhihu_store.batch_update_zhihu_note_comments,
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)
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async def get_creators_and_notes(self) -> None:
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"""
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Get creator's information and their notes and comments
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Returns:
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"""
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utils.logger.info(
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"[ZhihuCrawler.get_creators_and_notes] Begin get xiaohongshu creators"
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)
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for user_link in config.ZHIHU_CREATOR_URL_LIST:
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utils.logger.info(
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f"[ZhihuCrawler.get_creators_and_notes] Begin get creator {user_link}"
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)
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user_url_token = user_link.split("/")[-1]
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# get creator detail info from web html content
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createor_info: ZhihuCreator = await self.zhihu_client.get_creator_info(
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url_token=user_url_token
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)
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if not createor_info:
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utils.logger.info(
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f"[ZhihuCrawler.get_creators_and_notes] Creator {user_url_token} not found"
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)
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continue
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utils.logger.info(
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f"[ZhihuCrawler.get_creators_and_notes] Creator info: {createor_info}"
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)
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await zhihu_store.save_creator(creator=createor_info)
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# 默认只提取回答信息，如果需要文章和视频，把下面的注释打开即可
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# Get all anwser information of the creator
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all_content_list = await self.zhihu_client.get_all_anwser_by_creator(
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creator=createor_info,
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crawl_interval=config.CRAWLER_MAX_SLEEP_SEC,
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callback=zhihu_store.batch_update_zhihu_contents,
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)
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# Get all articles of the creator's contents
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# all_content_list = await self.zhihu_client.get_all_articles_by_creator(
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# creator=createor_info,
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# crawl_interval=config.CRAWLER_MAX_SLEEP_SEC,
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# callback=zhihu_store.batch_update_zhihu_contents
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# )
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# Get all videos of the creator's contents
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# all_content_list = await self.zhihu_client.get_all_videos_by_creator(
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# creator=createor_info,
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# crawl_interval=config.CRAWLER_MAX_SLEEP_SEC,
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# callback=zhihu_store.batch_update_zhihu_contents
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# )
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# Get all comments of the creator's contents
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await self.batch_get_content_comments(all_content_list)
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async def get_note_detail(
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self, full_note_url: str, semaphore: asyncio.Semaphore
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) -> Optional[ZhihuContent]:
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"""
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Get note detail
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Args:
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full_note_url: str
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semaphore:
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Returns:
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"""
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async with semaphore:
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utils.logger.info(
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f"[ZhihuCrawler.get_specified_notes] Begin get specified note {full_note_url}"
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)
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# judge note type
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note_type: str = judge_zhihu_url(full_note_url)
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if note_type == constant.ANSWER_NAME:
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question_id = full_note_url.split("/")[-3]
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answer_id = full_note_url.split("/")[-1]
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utils.logger.info(
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f"[ZhihuCrawler.get_specified_notes] Get answer info, question_id: {question_id}, answer_id: {answer_id}"
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)
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result = await self.zhihu_client.get_answer_info(question_id, answer_id)
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# Sleep after fetching answer details
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await asyncio.sleep(config.CRAWLER_MAX_SLEEP_SEC)
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utils.logger.info(f"[ZhihuCrawler.get_note_detail] Sleeping for {config.CRAWLER_MAX_SLEEP_SEC} seconds after fetching answer details {answer_id}")
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return result
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elif note_type == constant.ARTICLE_NAME:
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article_id = full_note_url.split("/")[-1]
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utils.logger.info(
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f"[ZhihuCrawler.get_specified_notes] Get article info, article_id: {article_id}"
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)
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result = await self.zhihu_client.get_article_info(article_id)
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# Sleep after fetching article details
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await asyncio.sleep(config.CRAWLER_MAX_SLEEP_SEC)
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utils.logger.info(f"[ZhihuCrawler.get_note_detail] Sleeping for {config.CRAWLER_MAX_SLEEP_SEC} seconds after fetching article details {article_id}")
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return result
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elif note_type == constant.VIDEO_NAME:
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video_id = full_note_url.split("/")[-1]
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utils.logger.info(
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f"[ZhihuCrawler.get_specified_notes] Get video info, video_id: {video_id}"
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)
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result = await self.zhihu_client.get_video_info(video_id)
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# Sleep after fetching video details
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await asyncio.sleep(config.CRAWLER_MAX_SLEEP_SEC)
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utils.logger.info(f"[ZhihuCrawler.get_note_detail] Sleeping for {config.CRAWLER_MAX_SLEEP_SEC} seconds after fetching video details {video_id}")
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return result
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async def get_specified_notes(self):
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"""
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Get the information and comments of the specified post
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Returns:
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"""
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get_note_detail_task_list = []
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for full_note_url in config.ZHIHU_SPECIFIED_ID_LIST:
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# remove query params
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full_note_url = full_note_url.split("?")[0]
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crawler_task = self.get_note_detail(
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full_note_url=full_note_url,
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semaphore=asyncio.Semaphore(config.MAX_CONCURRENCY_NUM),
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)
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get_note_detail_task_list.append(crawler_task)
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need_get_comment_notes: List[ZhihuContent] = []
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note_details = await asyncio.gather(*get_note_detail_task_list)
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for index, note_detail in enumerate(note_details):
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if not note_detail:
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utils.logger.info(
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f"[ZhihuCrawler.get_specified_notes] Note {config.ZHIHU_SPECIFIED_ID_LIST[index]} not found"
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)
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continue
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note_detail = cast(ZhihuContent, note_detail) # only for type check
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need_get_comment_notes.append(note_detail)
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await zhihu_store.update_zhihu_content(note_detail)
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await self.batch_get_content_comments(need_get_comment_notes)
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async def create_zhihu_client(self, httpx_proxy: Optional[str]) -> ZhiHuClient:
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"""Create zhihu client"""
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utils.logger.info(
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"[ZhihuCrawler.create_zhihu_client] Begin create zhihu API client ..."
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)
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cookie_str, cookie_dict = utils.convert_cookies(
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await self.browser_context.cookies()
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)
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zhihu_client_obj = ZhiHuClient(
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proxy=httpx_proxy,
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headers={
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"accept": "*/*",
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"accept-language": "zh-CN,zh;q=0.9",
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"cookie": cookie_str,
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"priority": "u=1, i",
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"referer": "https://www.zhihu.com/search?q=python&time_interval=a_year&type=content",
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"user-agent": self.user_agent,
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"x-api-version": "3.0.91",
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"x-app-za": "OS=Web",
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"x-requested-with": "fetch",
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"x-zse-93": "101_3_3.0",
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},
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playwright_page=self.context_page,
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cookie_dict=cookie_dict,
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)
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return zhihu_client_obj
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async def launch_browser(
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self,
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chromium: BrowserType,
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playwright_proxy: Optional[Dict],
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user_agent: Optional[str],
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headless: bool = True,
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) -> BrowserContext:
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"""Launch browser and create browser context"""
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utils.logger.info(
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"[ZhihuCrawler.launch_browser] Begin create browser context ..."
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)
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if config.SAVE_LOGIN_STATE:
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# feat issue #14
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# we will save login state to avoid login every time
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user_data_dir = os.path.join(
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os.getcwd(), "browser_data", config.USER_DATA_DIR % config.PLATFORM
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) # type: ignore
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browser_context = await chromium.launch_persistent_context(
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user_data_dir=user_data_dir,
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accept_downloads=True,
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headless=headless,
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proxy=playwright_proxy, # type: ignore
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viewport={"width": 1920, "height": 1080},
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user_agent=user_agent,
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channel="chrome", # 使用系统的Chrome稳定版
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)
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return browser_context
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else:
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browser = await chromium.launch(headless=headless, proxy=playwright_proxy, channel="chrome") # type: ignore
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browser_context = await browser.new_context(
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viewport={"width": 1920, "height": 1080}, user_agent=user_agent
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||
)
|
||
return browser_context
|
||
|
||
async def launch_browser_with_cdp(
|
||
self,
|
||
playwright: Playwright,
|
||
playwright_proxy: Optional[Dict],
|
||
user_agent: Optional[str],
|
||
headless: bool = True,
|
||
) -> BrowserContext:
|
||
"""
|
||
使用CDP模式启动浏览器
|
||
"""
|
||
try:
|
||
self.cdp_manager = CDPBrowserManager()
|
||
browser_context = await self.cdp_manager.launch_and_connect(
|
||
playwright=playwright,
|
||
playwright_proxy=playwright_proxy,
|
||
user_agent=user_agent,
|
||
headless=headless,
|
||
)
|
||
|
||
# 显示浏览器信息
|
||
browser_info = await self.cdp_manager.get_browser_info()
|
||
utils.logger.info(f"[ZhihuCrawler] CDP浏览器信息: {browser_info}")
|
||
|
||
return browser_context
|
||
|
||
except Exception as e:
|
||
utils.logger.error(f"[ZhihuCrawler] CDP模式启动失败，回退到标准模式: {e}")
|
||
# 回退到标准模式
|
||
chromium = playwright.chromium
|
||
return await self.launch_browser(
|
||
chromium, playwright_proxy, user_agent, headless
|
||
)
|
||
|
||
async def close(self):
|
||
"""Close browser context"""
|
||
# 如果使用CDP模式，需要特殊处理
|
||
if self.cdp_manager:
|
||
await self.cdp_manager.cleanup()
|
||
self.cdp_manager = None
|
||
else:
|
||
await self.browser_context.close()
|
||
utils.logger.info("[ZhihuCrawler.close] Browser context closed ...")
|